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Every mortgage has guidelines for a short sale or
loan modification.
Knowing the options contained in the guidelines is the
first important step. |
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The mortgage service company that collects your mortgage
payment each month works only for the owner of your
mortgage loan. Most of the time the mortgage
service company does not own your mortgage but acts as a
collection agent for the real owner of your mortgage
loan.
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Judicial Foreclosure |
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Judicial foreclosures are processed through the courts,
beginning with the lender
filing a complaint and recording a notice of Lis Pendens. The
complaint will state
what the debt is, and why the default should allow the lender to
foreclose and take the
property given as security. The homeowner will be served notice
of the complaint,
either by mailing, direct service, or publication of the notice,
and will have the
opportunity to be heard before the court. If the court finds the
debt valid, and in
default, it will issue a judgment for the total amount owed,
including the costs of
the foreclosure process. After the judgment has been entered, a
writ will be issued
by the court authorizing a sheriff’s sale. The sheriff’s sale is
an auction, open to
anyone, and is held in a public place, which can range from in
front of the courthouse
steps, to in front of the property being auctioned. Sheriff’s
sales will require
either cash to be paid at the time of sale, or a substantial
deposit, with the balance
paid from later that same day up to 30 days after the sale.
Check your local
procedures carefully. At the end of the auction, the highest
bidder will be the
owner of the property, subject to the court’s confirmation of
the sale. After the
court has confirmed the sale, a sheriff’s deed will be prepared
and delivered to the
highest bidder, when that deed is recorded, the highest bidder
is the owner of the
property. |
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Non-judicial Foreclosure |
Non-judicial foreclosures are processed without court
intervention, with the
requirements for the foreclosure established by state statutes.
When a loan default
occurs, the homeowner will be mailed a default letter, and in
many states, a Notice of
Default will be recorded at approximately the same time. If the
homeowner does not
cure the default, a Notice of Sale will be mailed to the
homeowner, posted in public
places, recorded at the county recorder’s office, and published
in area legal
publications. After the legally required time period has
expired, a public auction
will be held, with the highest bidder becoming the owner of the
property, subject to their
receipt and recordation of the deed. Auctions of non-judicial
foreclosures will
generally require cash, or cash equivalent either at the sale,
or very shortly thereafter.
It is important to note that each non-judicial foreclosure
state has different procedures.
Some do not require a Notice of Default, but start with a Notice
of Sale.
Others require only the publication of the Notice of Sale to
announce the sale, with no
direct owner notification required. You need to know the
specific procedure for your
state
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Foreclosure Type by State |
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Alabama |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Alaska |
Both |
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Arizona |
Both |
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Arkansas |
Both |
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California |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Colorado |
Both |
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District of Columbia |
Non-Judicial |
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Connecticut |
Judicial/Strict |
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Delaware |
Judicial |
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District of |
Non-Judicial |
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Florida |
Judicial |
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Georgia |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Hawaii |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Idaho |
Non-Judicial |
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Illinois |
Judicial |
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Indiana |
Judicial |
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Iowa |
Both |
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Kansas |
Judicial |
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Kentucky |
Judicial |
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Louisiana |
Judicial |
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Maine |
Primarily Judicial |
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Maryland |
Judicial |
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Massachusetts |
Non-Judicial |
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Michigan |
Both |
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Minnesota |
Both |
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Mississippi |
Primarily |
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Missouri |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Montana |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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Nebraska |
Judicial |
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Nevada |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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New Hampshire |
Primarily Non-Judicial |
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New Jersey |
Judicial |
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New Mexico |
Judicial |
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New York |
Judicial |
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North Carolina |
Non-Judicial |
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North Dakota |
Judicial |
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Ohio |
Judicial |
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Oklahoma |
Primarily Judicial |
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Oregon |
Non-Judicial |
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Pennsylvania |
Judicial |
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Rhode Island |
Both |
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South Carolina |
Judicial |
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Tennessee |
Non-Judicial |
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Texas |
Non-Judicial |
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Utah |
Both |
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Vermont |
Both |
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Virginia |
Non-Judicial |
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Washington |
Non-Judicial |
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West Virginia |
Non-Judicial |
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Wisconsin |
Judicial |
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Wyoming |
Non-Judicial |
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